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Old Sat, Jun-08-02, 19:32
Voyajer's Avatar
Voyajer Voyajer is offline
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Plan: Protein Power LP Dilletan
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Default The reason why your heart doctor mistakenly puts you on a low fat diet.

In the south in the early part of the 20th century, whites were erroneously taught in school textbooks that blacks were physically and mentally inferior to whites. In the same period, Americans were taught in school history books (not to mention film) that cowboys and pilgrims were the good guys and Indians were uneducated savages. Has the school textbook changed? What is your doctor being taught?

My boyfriend is a medical student and his college textbook, "Nutrition, Concepts and Controversies" Eighth Edition, copyright 2000 says the following:

p.144 "How, Exactly, Do Fat and Cholesterol Affect People's Health?

...Most importantly, the person who chooses a diet too high in certain fats may be inviting the risk of heart and artery disease, or CVD....The person who eats a high-fat diet also incurs a greater-than-average risk of developing some forms of cancer, another leading killer disease."

This college textbook then cites in the Bibliography a study that most college students and even the professor will never take the time to look up. I'm going to copy the extract here and also another study that is cited to show that the Bibliography of the college textbook is proving exactly the contrary of what the textbook is saying. In fact, you will find that the citation is saying that stearic acid, the saturated fat in unsweetened chocolate and 30% of the saturated fat in beef has a neutral affect on cholesterol levels neither lowering or heightening levels of HDL and LDL. The citation shows that certain fats (such as monounsaturated fats which are 50% of the fat in beef and the majority of the fat in nuts) lower LDL and improve HDL. Then the citation further cites the Harvard study showing that a "low fat, high carbohydrate diet" lowers HDL and increases risk of heart disease compared with the high mono-unsaturated fat diet which increases HDL and lowers risk of heart disease.

To make matters more unpalatable, this college textbook has already explained on p.140 that "Of the fats and oils in foods, 95 percent are triglycerides that have been made in living animal or plant tissues, mostly from carbohydrate, the same way the human body makes them." So the author is admitting in one breath that carbohydrates create fat then he says in the next breath to eat a low-fat diet.

Therefore, the college textbook is saying whatever it wants and promoting the misinformation and backing it up by citing studies that prove the exact opposite of its point of view. No wonder your doctor thinks your low carb diet is bad for you! His college textbooks are just as bad as the biased textbooks of the last century.

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 65, 1628S-1644S, Copyright © 1997 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

REVIEW ARTICLES

Individual fatty acid effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins: human studies
PM Kris-Etherton and S Yu

The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the cholesterolemic effects of individual fatty acids. Although historically there has been great interest in the fatty acid classes, it has been only recently that emphasis has shifted to individual fatty acids. Consequently, and in conjunction with the methodologic challenges inherent in studying individual fatty acids, our database is relatively modest. Nonetheless, it is clear that saturated fatty acids are hypercholesterolemic and that unsaturated fatty acids elicit a hypocholesterolemic effect compared with saturated fatty acids. The question at hand is, What are the relative cholesterolemic effects of the major saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the diet? On the basis of a limited number of well-controlled studies, it appears that myristic acid is the most potent saturated fatty acid. Of the saturated fatty acids, stearic acid is uniquely different in that it appears to be a neutral fatty acid. Monounsaturated fatty acids appear to exert a neutral effect or to be mildly hypocholesterolemic. trans Fatty acids elicit effects that are intermediate to those of the hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids and the cis-monounsaturated and cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids elicit the most potent hypocholesterolemic effects. Studies are needed to establish the potency with which each fatty acid affects plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations as well as the mechanisms that account for their markedly different effects. This information will be useful in making dietary recommendations for individual fatty acids that may further reduce risk of chronic diseases in the United States.

-----------------
The Harvard Study
Note:
MUFA means Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
SFA means Saturated Fatty Acids
______________
(Journal of Nutrition. 1999;129:2280-2284.)
© 1999 The American Society for Nutritional Sciences


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article
AHA Science Advisory: Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease1
Penny M. Kris-Etherton

In the mid-1980s, investigators began to debate the question of the ideal substitute for SFA calories: carbohydrate or unsaturated fatty acids, specifically MUFAs under stable weight conditions. The results of 2 similar studies conducted by Grundy24 and Mensink and Katan5 reported a similar total cholesterol–lowering effect of both a high-fat diet (40% of energy) rich in MUFA (24% to 28% of energy) and low in SFA (4% to 10% of energy) and a low-fat/carbohydrate-rich diet (20% of energy from fat and 7% of energy from SFA). Although both diets lowered total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the high-MUFA diet did not lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or increase triglycerides, as did the low-fat/carbohydrate-rich diet. The low-fat/carbohydrate-rich diet lowered HDL cholesterol by 14% to 22% and markedly elevated triglycerides (22% to 39%). Since these pioneering studies, a number of subsequent studies have reported similar results.6 ,25 ,26 More recently, the DELTA (Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins and Thrombogenic Activity) Study reported that a Step 1 diet (29% of energy from fat, 8% from SFA, and 292 mg of cholesterol per day) and a high-MUFA diet low in SFA and cholesterol (36% of energy from fat, 21% from MUFA, 9% from SFA, and 293 mg of cholesterol per day) both lowered total and LDL cholesterol levels by 5.5% and 7%, respectively, compared with an average American diet (AAD) in subjects with a low HDL cholesterol level (<25th percentile), moderately elevated triglycerides (>70th percentile), or elevated insulin levels (>70th percentile).7 Triglycerides increased by 12% and 7% on the Step 1 diet compared with the high-MUFA diet and the AAD, respectively. Interestingly, plasma triglycerides were lower on the high-MUFA diet (by 4%) than on the AAD. Although HDL cholesterol decreased on both blood cholesterol–lowering diets compared with the AAD, the decrease in HDL cholesterol was less on the high-MUFA diet (4.3%) than on the Step 1 diet (7.2%). Thus, HDL cholesterol levels are higher and triglycerides are lower on a high-MUFA than a low-fat/carbohydrate-rich, blood cholesterol–lowering diet.

------------------------------------------

If you've gotten this far, then let me take you one step farther so I can completely release my indignation at modern education. This college textbook also maligns the "ketogenic" diet.

On p. 333 it says: "Many low-carbohydrate diets have been promoted ot the public in many different guises. Each diet has enjoyed a surge of popularity thanks largely to a sizable initial weight loss. These diets are designed to throw a person into ketosis. The sales pitch is that 'you'll never feel hung' and that 'you'll lose weight fast--faster than you would on any ordinary diet.'....Loss of appetite accompanies any low-calorie diet. Severe calorie restriction means loss of water and lean tissue, and the water is rapidly regained when people begin eating normally again. People listed in a national registry of those who successfully lost an average of 30 pounds and maintained those losses for five years did so by eating more, not less, carbohydrate than those who were unsuccessful at weight loss or maintenance. They also consumed substantially less fat."

Here the medical student thinks sounds reasonable and doesn't both to look up the citation. The book does a hard sell on the USDA food pyramid and the 2000 calorie RDA diet. The minimum calorie allowance for a small framed sedentary woman is 1,600 calories per day. So what study does this book cite to cement its argument against so-called ketogenic diets that supposedly make you lose weight due to calorie reduction? This book cites the following study that shows only women who ate an average of 1,300 calories per day for the entire five years maintained their weight loss and men averaged 1,600 calories per day on this high carbohydrate low fat diet. They also exercised off 400 calories per day. Does anyone see any hypocrisy here?

Study cited:
http://www.uchsc.edu/nutrition/nwcr.htm
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