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  #1   ^
Old Mon, Mar-29-21, 06:02
Zuleikaa Zuleikaa is offline
Finding the Pieces
Posts: 17,049
 
Plan: Mishmash
Stats: 365/308.0/185 Female 66
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Progress: 32%
Location: Maryland, US
Default Could a COVID-19 Infection Cause Diabetes?

http://www.grassrootshealth.net/wp-...rufus_FINAL.pdf

Could a COVID-19 Infection Cause Diabetes?

Could COVID-19 Infection Lead to Diabetes?
More recent studies are revealing the possibility of a reverse association between diabetes and COVID-19 - meaning new onset diabetes is increasingly being diagnosed among COVID-19 patients who had no previous history of diabetes. Could COVID-19 infection cause a patient to become diabetic, and if so, how? A review by Viswanathan et al. set out to answer this question, as well as identify the possible roles of vitamin D.
How Could Diabetes Increase Susceptibility to COVID-19?
The following describe several pathways that may contribute to increased COVID-19 susceptibility among patients with diabetes.

1. Medications increase ACE-2 expression. Many diabetes patients also suffer from increased blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, which are often treated using medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), angiotensin-II type I receptor blockers (ARB) and lipid-lowering drugs. These medications, along with those used to treat diabetes, have been shown to increase the expression of ACE2 receptors in the epithelial cells of the lung, intestines, kidneys, and heart, which in turn facilitates entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into human cells. In other words, the medications that diabetics are often on can cause a "Drug-induced" increase in ACE2 expression, making it easier for COVID-19 infection to occur.

2. Impaired immunity leads to easier infection. Diabetics have an impaired immune response leading to greater risk of infections due to higher blood sugar and increased oxidative stress. Once infection occurs, this impaired response along with poor blood glucose control allows for the virus to proliferate at a much easier, faster rate than a non-diabetic individual.

3. Furin, a molecule that is increased in diabetics, has been shown to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells as well as viral replication.
Indications that COVID-19 Might Cause Diabetes
DKA is a severe, life-threatening complication of diabetes that is a result of the blood sugar being too high for too long. This condition that is a result of not having enough insulin (the key diagnosing factor for diabetes) is seen in patients infected with COVID-19, even in the absence of pre-diagnosed diabetes. Other indications that COVID-19 infection could possibly cause new-onset diabetes or worsen pre-existing diabetes include the following:

1. Certain respiratory viruses have been identified as a potential trigger and cause of type 1 diabetes. Due to high ACE2 receptor expression, the pancreas cells responsible for the facilitation of blood glucose regulation are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe COVID-19 patients have shown a higher prevalence of autoimmunity that results in pancreatic cell destruction and resulting or worsening diabetes. Several studies have now confirmed the direct damage to pancreatic islet cells caused by COVID-19, leading to diabetes.

2. SARS-CoV-2 causes problems with the blood supply to the pancreas, which may impair insulin secretion.

3. The increase in systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines can directly result in decreased insulin sensitivity, and worsen insulin resistance, leading to diabetes.
What Role does Vitamin D Play?
Multiple studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to increased severity and death due to COVID-19; it is known to affect the immune response in several important ways, specifically against viral infections. One of the most important ways vitamin D helps protect against COVID-19 is through its role in modulating inflammation and preventing the cytokine storm, which could also be a reason vitamin D has shown to help prevent diabetes.

In fact, vitamin D deficiency has also been linked to the increased incidence of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D supplementation has been found to increase beta cell function and insulin sensitivity, as well as reduce insulin resistance by 15% and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by 40-60% with achieved vitamin D blood levels of 40-60 ng/ml (100-150 nmol/L). Further, GrassrootsHealth published an analysis in 2016 that found that the incidence of type 2 diabetes was 60% lower in the GrassrootsHealth cohort, whose average vitamin D level was 41 ng/ml (103 nmol/L), compared to the U.S. population, whose average level was 22 ng/ml (55 nmol/L).

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Vitamin D Influences Insulin Secretion and Response
Vitamin D, as 1,25(OH)2D, plays a regulatory role in insulin secretion as well as the function and survival of the cells that produce insulin in the pancreas (beta-cells). Vitamin D deficiency impairs insulin sensitivity (or promotes insulin resistance) because 1,25(OH)2D activates insulin receptors on cells throughout the body, which in turn affects their sensitivity to insulin. Overall, vitamin D is needed for insulin to be made and it is needed for cells to respond to insulin.

Chronic low-grade inflammation, frequently observed in obese individuals, is involved in the development of insulin resistance by interfering with normal sugar metabolism and disrupting insulin signaling. All forms of vitamin D regulate the inflammatory response and higher blood levels of vitamin D have been associated with lower levels of C reactive protein, a general marker of inflammation in the body.
Should You be Getting More Vitamin D to Help Protect Against Both COVID-19 and Diabetes?
By joining the GrassrootsHealth projects, you are not only contributing valuable information to our study, but you are also gaining knowledge about how you could improve your own health through measuring and tracking your nutrient status, and educating yourself on how to improve it. Do you know what your status of vitamin D, omega-3s, and other essential nutrients is? Could your levels be improved? Test now to find out!



We now have a NEW GIFTING SERVICE that allows you to quickly send ‘Gift Cards’ to friends, family and coworkers who you consider might need immediate access to testing, and to Claim the Joy of Your Health TODAY. Give the gift today!
What does the Research Say about Vitamin D & COVID-19?
It's TIME to start saving lives! If you can help PREVENT the majority of the death, it's time! What's it costing you/us not to take action NOW?

There is much published research that supports a clear link between vitamin D and COVID-19 showing that higher vitamin D levels are related to:

a decreased risk of testing positive for COVID-19


increased viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance


better clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19


less severe COVID-19 disease

decreased risk of death due to COVID-19

Everyone needs vitamin D! Here’s how to tell how much you might need, and who may need more – people who are overweight or who have darker skin are among those at increased risk of deficiency.

Be sure to educate yourself on the benefits and importance of vitamin D for immune health, and take steps to ensure you and your loved ones are getting enough.

You can review all of the COVID-19 and immune health information we have shared on this page.
Ensure Vitamin D Levels of 40-60 ng/ml (100-150 nmol/L) for You, Your Children, Loved Ones
Correcting a vitamin D deficiency at any age and any time of life decreases potential disease severity and improve outcomes! Test your vitamin D level today, learn what steps to take to improve your level, and take action to achieve and maintain a vitamin D level of 40-60 ng/ml (100-150 nmol/L).
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  #2   ^
Old Mon, Mar-29-21, 07:14
JLx's Avatar
JLx JLx is offline
Senior Member
Posts: 3,199
 
Plan: High protein, lower fat
Stats: 000/000/145 Female 66
BF:276, 255 hi wts
Progress: 0%
Location: Michigan U.P., USA
Default

Interesting. Thanks for posting. (So glad I've had both vaccines now!)
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  #3   ^
Old Mon, Mar-29-21, 10:02
Ms Arielle's Avatar
Ms Arielle Ms Arielle is offline
Senior Member
Posts: 19,180
 
Plan: atkins, carnivore 2023
Stats: 200/211/163 Female 5'8"
BF:
Progress: -30%
Location: Massachusetts
Default

IMHO.

The screening for pre diabetes and diabetes is piss poor. Far more likely these diseases are just getting caught now, and not due to Covid. Screening should start at 20.

I suggest that the pre diabetes condition makes a person more susceptible to Covid. The body -wide inflammation due to poor eating that caused a wonky insulin/ blood sugar/ etc system opens the door to viruses and bacteria to thrive, not the strong defense of a robust immune system.

Our young " healthy" teens are getting hit hard right now. IMHO, the effect of SAD for ten to 20 years.........


My teens eat close to keto and work physically hard and rarely get sick. My oldest graduated HS having missed one day. Which I think was an error as I don't remember him missing any. I credit low carb diet of real whole foods and a good sleeping schedule.

And I preach vitamin D 3 and have for several years. Since learning sufficient levels clear away SAD, seasonal affected disorder. D does far more than support bone health.

In my home we are not waiting for the vaccines as that has come too late for too many including both that perished and those with long term complications.

Last edited by Ms Arielle : Mon, Mar-29-21 at 10:10.
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