I've had this same experience. I'm wary of it now because it reminds me too much of quitting smoking. After you've quit for a while, and you relapse with "just one" cigarette, you're so surprised to find that after all your fantasizing, the cigarette tastes disgusting and makes you feel even worse. Ugh! How did you ever do this on a regular basis? So you finish the cigarette feeling quite triumphant: obviously, you'll never go back to the filthy habit!
Except... having smoked (cheated on carbs) once, it becomes somehow easier to slip up and smoke (eat carbs) again. And after a few cigs (or a few carby snacks), it suddenly doesn't feel so crappy anymore. Your body adjusts to the toxin (or carbs). And stopping becomes a
lot more difficult. Worst case scenario, you slip right back to where you were before you quit.
If you can't tell, I think the learning process of quitting smoking actually stands low-carbers in good stead, because both processes feel very similar. (Minus the main difference, of course -- cigarette smoking is infinitely worse for you! Then again... some people would argue that processed carbs might be just as harmful! I'm not quite that extreme but I do think both are injurious to one's health.)
That said, I definitely don't think you've screwed up, by any means. I think you triumphed, and I want to congratulate you on passing a big test by getting back on track so quickly! Just so long as you're aware of the slippery slope I've described above -- that blissful "Eeew!" which you experienced after your single slip is too easily eroded if you decide to rely on it to get you through another cheat.