Well personally I can see that some of the several WLS (weight loss surgeries) are are more drastic than others, but in the end, every one of them involve:
1. Someone cutting into you
2. Someone messing with how your body naturally operates, to make it operate quite differently
3. Dealing with the consequences of both of the above
So I think all the points on the thread end up being accurate in at least some context.
Regarding hormones, I recently grabbed a quote of Dr. Kurt Harris's blog that I thought was a very simplified, succinct explanation of one aspect of the hormonal situation (my bolding):
Quote:
Briefly, eating excess calories from any source will make you gain weight if hormones are driving fat storage, and won't otherwise. Whether the caloric excess is protein or fat or carbs does not matter if your adipocytes are storing fat under hormonal direction.
You can give a type I diabetic all the carbs you want, and without exogenous insulin they lose weight.
Conversely, if I keep your caloric intake the same with zero carbs and you are not diabetic, and I give you extra insulin, you will start storing fat (stop releasing) and become ravenously hungry. If I don't let you eat more, you will then get lethargic and your metabolic rate will decline. You will now be fatter, slower and eating the exact same calories.
Under the right (or wrong) hormonal milieu, it matters not a whit if the extra calories are fat, carbs or proteins.
Macronutrient ratios mediate weight via hormones. Hormones drive fat storage.
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The point to note as a link off that bolded part, is that the body will *drive you to eat more calories* under that circumstance. Humans are part of the animal kingdom, this is fundamental, willpower can temporarily hold something in abeyance but not for too long when it's survival drives.
What some are suggesting is that without correcting the hormonal cycle described above--where you get too much insulin and at best, don't eat more, but your metabolic rate drops (your food calories 'store' instead of being given you for energy, so you get fatter and you get more lethargic), at worst, you do eat more, and this is a spiral upward of that situation (ask me how I know, sigh)--then it's likely to be an issue no matter what you do with 'interventions in absorption/digestion/etc.'.
And if you work on correcting that hormonal cycle, first and foremost by eating 'real food' (and ideally, avoiding food you may have issues with, such as gluten grains and dairy), then a good deal of weight is going to come off naturally, without the manual, surgical intervention being necessary.
The above info is a part of what is explained at great dense length detail by Gary Taubes in his book Good Calories, Bad Calories. If you don't like big dense tomes, he has a more user-friendly version of it coming out in December you can preorder:
http://www.amazon.com/Why-We-Get-Fa.../dp/0307272702/
In the end, you see with this cycle, it isn't that people 'are getting fat because they're eating too much' quite so much as it is that they are 'eating so much BECAUSE they are getting fat!' -- because the body's taking that food, storing it, and then the high insulin prevents it being released for energy. So (a) they're lethargic, and (b) they're driven to go eat because their body needs energy.
Hope that helps,
PJ