Barbara - I apologize up front if this looks like a homework assignment based on your question, but it's a very thorough treatment of insulin's role and some new findings. I have worked my way through this long piece from Amy, and it's well done and digestible if you take it in small bites (couldn't resist the eating metaphors). It may or may not directly address the issue you describe, but it has some relationship and it certainly improved my overall understanding:

http://www.tuitnutrition.com/2019/0...creas.html#more