Thanks very much for this study, NewRuth. It is a head scratch-er. As with all other observational/epidemiological studies based upon patient reports of what they ate, I will take the findings under advisement. Although the report states a clinical trial is not necessary, that really is the only way to test this finding. Also, once again, a similar study of women is stated as not being necessary. I remember the days when most research was conducted on men and generalized to women on the assumption that women's anatomy and physiology were no different. Since more women than men suffer from constipation, a similar study would seem to be in order. For example, what did the Framingham nurses' study show--or did they not look at diverticulosis, nuts and seeds?