Not diabetic myself, but fairly familiar with the workings on involved with the disease...

Pushing yourself too hard while being underfueled definitely can cause those kinds of sugars. As a diabetic you really can't do strenuous activity while being underfueled, you will force your liver to rapidly dump glycogen into the blood. For a regular person with limited IR this isn't a problem since they can regulate their blood sugar, but as a diabetic you have to be careful to avoid situations which might trigger a liver dump (example: going too long w/o eating, or as in your case, doing too much physical activity on too little fuel).

Next time make sure you eat enough before starting exercise, and don't push yourself as hard as you did... you should be alright then.